Boundary Dispute with China Biggest Challenge: CDS Chauhan

PTI, NEW DELHI, SEPT 5, 2025 :  The unresolved boundary dispute with China is the biggest national security challenge, followed by Pakistan's proxy war and its strategy of "bleeding India by a thousand cuts," Chief of Defence Staff Gen. Anil Chauhan said on Friday. The top military official identified regional instability and its impact on India, along with the preparations needed to handle future battlefield scenarios with high technology components in a rapidly challenging environment, as the third and fourth major challenges.

In an address at an event in Uttar Pradesh's Gorakhpur, the Chief of Defence Staff said dealing with threats emanating from two adversaries with nuclear weapons is another major challenge facing India, as it will have to be prepared for any kind of conventional warfare.

Gen. Chauhan said the armed forces were given full operational freedom to conduct Operation Sindoor, and its aim was not only to avenge the Pahalgam terror attack, but also to draw a "red line" on cross-border terrorism.

In his first such public comments, the CDS also said that the National Security Advisor (NSA) played a significant role in the planning and implementation of Operation Sindoor in terms of providing guidance to the military, which included target selection, deployment of troops, framework for de-escalation, and use of diplomacy.

However, the highlight of his address was his elaboration of India's national security challenges.

"I consider the unresolved border dispute with China as the biggest challenge. The second major challenge is the proxy war being run by Pakistan against India," Gen. Chauhan said. "Pakistan's strategy has been to bleed India by a thousand cuts. It means keeping India hurt slowly at regular intervals and keeping the flow of blood continuing in the country," he said.

The military official said the third biggest security challenge is emanating from the regional instability, especially the way India's neighboring countries are facing social, political, and economic unrest. Such a situation impacts India as well, he said.

"The fourth challenge would be what kind of warfare we will have in future. Wars are changing rapidly. Future wars will not be confined to land, air, and water. It will include space, cyber, and electromagnetic domains. It will be a challenge for us to make adjustments and keep ourselves ready for such a scenario," he said.

On the fifth challenge, the CDS said, "Both our adversaries are equipped with nuclear arsenals, and it will remain a challenge for us what kind of conventional war we will fight and what kind of operation we choose to deal with them."